But a perceived discrepancy between a significant number of Muslims and their low level of public representation has created tensions. [98] The country also belongs to the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization. : SIL International. The first president, Maurice Yaméogo, was the leader of the Voltaic Democratic Union (UDV). [100] These operations provide employment and generate international aid. Education in Burkina Faso is divided into primary, secondary and higher education. I was reading more figures like the ones you have been mentioning. [16][15], Sankara pushed for agrarian self-sufficiency and promoted public health by vaccinating 2,500,000 children against meningitis, yellow fever, and measles. [112] While recent harvest productions have improved some, much of the population is still having a hard time overcoming the continuous food and nutrition crises of the past decade. Burkina Faso is bounded by Mali to the north and west, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, and Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo to the south. with request for inclusion in the agenda for a debate on cases of breaches of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The Festival International des Masques et des Arts (FESTIMA), celebrating traditional masks, is held every two years in Dédougou. [133], In 2012, Burkina Faso adopted a National Policy for Scientific and Technical Research, the strategic objectives of which are to develop R&D and the application and commercialization of research results. [127] The state-owned, commercially run venture has helped the nation reach its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in water-related areas, and has grown as a viable company. On 5 August 1960, it attained full independence from France. Hundreds of thousands of Burkinabè migrate regularly to Ivory Coast and Ghana, mainly for seasonal agricultural work. [81], There is a municipal police force controlled by the Ministry of Territorial Administration; a national police force controlled by the Ministry of Security; and an autonomous Regiment of Presidential Security (Régiment de la Sécurité Présidentielle, or RSP), a 'palace guard' devoted to the protection of the President of the Republic. Thomas Sankara, was appointed prime minister in January 1983, but was subsequently arrested. But the widespread distrust of politicians and lack of political involvement by many residents complicated this process. Agencies providing assistance at the time included USAID's Office of Food for Peace (FFP) working with the UN World Food Programme, the NGO Oxfam Intermón and ACDI/VOCA. France reversed this change during the period of intense anti-colonial agitation that followed the end of World War II. [138] Slavery in the Sahel states in general, is an entrenched institution with a long history that dates back to the trans-Saharan slave trade. [105] Only 11.4 percent of children under the age of two receive the daily recommended number of meals. [26] Agricultural settlements were established between 3600 and 2600 BCE. The Pope has invited Burkina Faso’s president to the Vatican later this month to see what can be learnt from the West African nation’s example of religious tolerance. In mid-September 2015 the Kafando government, along with the rest of the post-October 2014 political order, was temporarily overthrown in a coup attempt by the Regiment of Presidential Security (RSP). History. [22] The BBC described the president as a "French-educated banker ... [who] sees himself as a social democrat, and has pledged to reduce youth unemployment, improve education and healthcare, and make health provision for children under six free of charge". The Pioneers of the Revolution youth programme was also established. [37], The eastern and western regions, where a standoff against the forces of the powerful ruler Samori Ture complicated the situation, came under French occupation in 1897. "Burkina Faso Profile." Religion. [58] On 23 September 2015 the prime minister and interim president were restored to power. The language of colonial administration and schooling became French. In August the ONAFAR monitored a dispute among members of the Federation of Burkina Islamic Associations (FAIB), an organization intended to unite Muslim organizations in Burkina Faso… [24], The French colony of Upper Volta was named for its location on the upper courses of the Volta River (the Black, Red and White Volta).[25]. The July 2019 population estimate by the United Nations was 20,321,378. [21] He was sworn in as president on 29 December 2015. To the south, in the Sudanic zone, the climate becomes increasingly of the tropical wet-dry type, with a greater variability of temperature and rainfall and greater total rainfall than the north. Between 1960 and 2006, the increase in the number of Protestants was five times more important than the increase in the number of Muslims and twice as high as for Catholics. [151] As of 2009[update], studies estimated there were as few as 10 physicians per 100,000 people. Its first component is to work towards the improvement of food production, including financing grants and providing 'voucher for work' programs for households who cannot pay their contribution in cash. Transport in Burkina Faso is limited by relatively underdeveloped infrastructure. Traditional ritual ceremonies of the many ethnic groups in Burkina Faso have long involved dancing with masks. Armed groups displace some 17,500 people in Burkina Faso in recent days, UNHCR says, in attempt to cause ‘mayhem’. President Roch Kabore has won re-election in Burkina Faso, preliminary results said on Thursday (November 26), and by a comfortable margin too. The last time the Burkinabe population voted for either was in 2015 when Presidential incumbent Roch Marc Christian Kabore, a member of the People’s Movement for Progress party, won with 53.5% of the vote . In this same time span, access to drinking water increased from 75 to 97% in urban areas. Efforts to free him, directed by Capt. On 30 October some protesters set fire to the parliament building[51] and took over the national TV headquarters. Its goal is to reinforce the capacities of service providers and institutions who are specifically involved in project implementation. The government wishes to develop, in parallel, applied sciences and technology and social and human sciences. The massif is bordered by sheer cliffs up to 150 m (492 ft) high. Protestantism is the religion with the least number of followers in Burkina Faso, but it is growing quickly. May 6, 2021. The World Bank said that the economic outlook remained favorable in the short and medium term, although that could be negatively impacted. Estimate Range of Shia by Country, UN AIDS: HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate, Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices, "Globalis – an interactive world map – Burkina Faso – Central government expenditures on health", "WHO Country Offices in the WHO African Region – WHO | Regional Office for Africa", "UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008", "Oxfam's Cool Planet – Food in Burkina Faso", "COUNTRY PROFILE OF SPORT AND DEVELOPMENT – Sport and Popularity", Burkina Faso: Governmental Broadcasting Agencies. [52] Ouagadougou International Airport closed and MPs suspended the vote on changing the constitution (the change would have allowed Compaoré to stand for re-election in 2015). In 1934, during French occupation, Dim-Dolobsom Ouedraogo published his Maximes, pensées et devinettes mossi (Maximes, Thoughts and Riddles of the Mossi), a record of the oral history of the Mossi people. They established an empire that lasted more than 800 years. [11] There are 59 native languages spoken in Burkina, with the most common language, Moore, spoken by roughly 50% of Burkinabé.[12][13]. To safeguard Burkina’s model of peaceful coexistence, the government must address this sensitive issue through careful reforms, particularly in the education system. Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French community on 11 December 1958. [55] In November 2014 opposition parties, civil-society groups and religious leaders adopted a plan for a transitional authority to guide Burkina Faso to elections. The colony had its capital in Bamako. Rail transport in Burkina Faso consists of a single line which runs from Kaya to Abidjan in Ivory Coast via Ouagadougou, Koudougou, Bobo Dioulasso and Banfora. In April 2007, popular radio reggae host Karim Sama, whose programs feature reggae songs interspersed with critical commentary on alleged government injustice and corruption, received several death threats. The Oti, another tributary of the Volta, rises in southeastern Burkina Faso. It is a biennial event which takes place every two years in Bobo Dioulasso, the second-largest city in the country. Besides RTB, there are privately owned sports, cultural, music, and religious FM radio stations. The National Culture Week of Burkina Faso, better known by its French name La Semaine Nationale de la culture (SNC), is one of the most important cultural activities of Burkina Faso. According to Oumarou Idani, there is a more important issue. What is Rhodesia called today? We mostly only produce gold, but we have huge potential in manganese, zinc, lead, copper, nickel and limestone". Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. "Encyclopedia of the Nations." [112] Burkina Faso's rapidly growing population (around 3.6% annually) continues to put a strain on the country's resources and infrastructure, which can further limit accessibility to food. Thirteen other people were charged in connection with the killing, including Compaore’s former right-hand man, Gen. Gilbert Diendere. [172] In response, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) wrote to President Compaoré to request his government investigate the sending of e-mailed death threats to journalists and radio commentators in Burkina Faso who were critical of the government. Also every two years, the Symposium de sculpture sur granit de Laongo takes place on a site located about 35 kilometres (22 miles) from Ouagadougou, in the province of Oubritenga. Slightly larger than Colorado, Burkina Faso, formerly known as Human rights organizations had criticised the Compaoré administration for numerous acts of state-sponsored violence against journalists and other politically active members of society.[70][71]. More than half the population is Muslim. [127] Challenges remain, including difficulties among some customers in paying for services, with the need to rely on international aid to expand its infrastructure. Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara (French pronunciation: [tɔma sɑ̃kaʁa]; 21 December 1949 – 15 October 1987) was a Burkinabé military officer and socialist revolutionary who served as the President of Burkina Faso from 1983 to 1987. Michel Kafando subsequently became the transitional president of the country. Burkina Faso attacks displace thousands in 10 days: UN. At the time of its construction, it was the largest solar power facility in West Africa. [163] Burkina produces popular television series such as Les Bobodiouf. [26] The Bura culture was an Iron-Age civilization centred in the southwest portion of modern-day Niger and in the southeast part of contemporary Burkina Faso. [120] Food insecurity has grown to be a structural problem in Burkina Faso, only to be intensified by high food prices. A tolerant country in matters of religion, Burkina Faso has no major conflicts between the religions. The country was once ruled by France, but it has been independent since 1960.The capital is Ouagadougou.. The demonym for people of Burkina Faso, "Burkinabé", includes expatriates or descendants of people of Burkinabé origin. Critics described this as a hybrid decentralisation. The Republic of Upper Volta was established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing colony within the French Community and on 5 August 1960 it gained full independence with Maurice Yaméogo as President. The Gendarmerie operates under the authority of the Minister of Defence, and its members are employed chiefly in the rural areas and along borders. Burkina Faso is situated on an extensive plateau, which is slightly inclined toward the south. On 31 October 2014, President Compaoré, facing mounting pressure, resigned after 27 years in office. Each region is administered by a governor. President Roch Marc Christian Kabore is widely expected to be re-elected for a ... which has never happened in Burkina Faso before. [109] According to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS 2010), 49 percent of women and 88 percent of children under the age of five suffer from anemia. The nation's principal media outlet is its state-sponsored combined television and radio service, Radiodiffusion-Télévision Burkina (RTB). [116], The December 2018 report by the World Bank indicated that the poverty rate fell slightly between 2009 and 2014, from 46% to a still high 40.1%. The northwestern part of present-day Burkina Faso was populated by hunter-gatherers from 14000 BCE to 5000 BCE. A total of eight people have served as head of state of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso (not … Since then, similar groups have carried out numerous[quantify] attacks in the northern and eastern parts of the country. French is the official language, although it is not widely spoken. [104] It is estimated that there are currently over 1.5 million children who are at risk of food insecurity in Burkina Faso, with around 350,000 children who are in need of emergency medical assistance. Their tools, including scrapers, chisels and arrowheads, were discovered in 1973 through archaeological excavations. McFarland, Daniel Miles and Rupley, Lawrence A. Roy, Christopher D and Wheelock, Thomas G B, This page was last edited on 6 May 2021, at 11:32. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He is responsible for recommending a cabinet for appointment by the president. OUAGADOUGOU, Burkina Faso (AP) — A Burkina Faso military tribunal on Tuesday charged former President Blaise Compaore with complicity in the murder of Thomas Sankara, whom he ousted in a 1987 coup. Omissions? [132], In 2009, Burkina Faso spent 0.20% of GDP on research and development (R&D), one of the lowest ratios in West Africa. A separate body, the Directorate General of Scientific Research, Technology and Innovation, co-ordinates research. Boys receive preference in schooling; as such, girls' education and literacy rates are far lower than their male counterparts. The Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation 200509 (PRRO) was formed to respond to the high levels of malnutrition in Burkina Faso, following the food and nutrition crisis in 2012. Professor of Geography, University of Paris VII, 1948–77. The colonialist officers and their home governments also made treaties amongst themselves. Colonel Zerbo also encountered resistance from trade unions and was overthrown two years later by Maj. Dr. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo and the Council of Popular Salvation (CSP) in the 1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état. Approximately 45 percent continue to hold traditional beliefs. The seat of the Roman Catholic archbishopric is in Ouagadougou, and there are several bishoprics throughout the country. This is issued by the Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO), situated in Dakar, Senegal. These flows of workers are affected by external events; the September 2002 coup attempt in Ivory Coast and the ensuing fighting meant that hundreds of thousands of Burkinabè returned to Burkina Faso. [110], An October 2018 report by USAid stated that droughts and floods remained problematic, and that "violence and insecurity are disrupting markets, trade and livelihoods activities in some of Burkina Faso's northern and eastern areas". The report also highlights the 2018–2020 International Monetary Fund program, including the government's plan to "reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments". In the west, Mande languages are widely spoken, the most predominant being Dioula (also known as Jula or Dyula), others including Bobo, Samo, and Marka. [155] High school costs approximately CFA 25,000 (US$50) per year, which is far above the means of most Burkinabè families. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1904, the largely pacified territories of the Volta basin were integrated into the Upper Senegal and Niger colony of French West Africa as part of the reorganization of the French West African colonial empire. Bird and insect life is rich and varied, and there are many species of fish in the rivers. Starting on 28 October 2014 protesters began to march and demonstrate in Ouagadougou against President Blaise Compaoré, who appeared[need quotation to verify] ready to amend the constitution and extend his 27-year rule. ... At least 45 dead in stampede at Israeli religious festival. Two soldiers stand in the Catholic church at the 10th RCAS army barracks in Kaya, Burkina Faso, Saturday, April 10, 2021. Roch Marc Christian Kaboré (born 25 April 1957) is a Burkinabé politician who has served as the President of Burkina Faso since 2015. [54] Lt. Col. Isaac Zida said that he would lead the country during its transitional period before the planned 2015 presidential election, but there were concerns[by whom?] In May the Ambassador hosted an iftar with Muslim youth from the [112], Poverty continues to be strongly linked to food insecurity. Protestant Christianity in Burkina Faso is the minority religion as it constitutes only 5.5% of the entire population. Every two years, Ouagadougou hosts the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO), the largest African cinema festival on the continent (February, odd years). Burkina Faso is 60-percent Muslim and 40-percent Christian and Animist, and the country has long been lauded for its history of religious cohesion and coexistence. The "-bè" suffix added onto "Burkina" to form the demonym "Burkinabè" comes from the Fula language and means "men or women". The embassy funded literacy programming in Quranic schools in northern Burkina Faso, the curriculum of which focuses on peaceful dialogue, nonviolent conflict resolution, and religious tolerance. Other presidential candidates challenged the election results. [36], Starting in the early 1890s during the European Scramble for Africa, a series of European military officers made attempts to claim parts of what is today Burkina Faso. [116] According to the World Bank, the objective of this project is to "improve the capacity of poor producers to increase food production and to ensure improved availability of food products in rural markets. They still can flood and overflow, however. Burkina Faso qualified for the 2013 African Cup of Nations in South Africa and reached the final, but then lost to Nigeria 0–1. Colonel Zerbo established the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress as the supreme governmental authority, thus eradicating the 1977 constitution. 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