In 205 BC, Scipio was unanimously elected to consulship at the age of 31. Now deserted by its allies and surrounded by a veteran and undefeated Roman army, Carthage began opening diplomatic channels for negotiation. The two brothers brought the war to a conclusion by a decisive victory at Magnesia in the same year. Scipio Africanus, also called Scipio Africanus the Elder, Latin Scipio Africanus Major, in full Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, (born 236 bce —died 183 bce, Liternum, Campania [now Patria, Italy]), Roman general noted for his victory over the Carthaginian leader Hannibal in the great Battle of Zama (202 bce), ending the Second Punic War.For his victory he won the surname Africanus (201 bce). Valerius Maximus is hostile to Scipio Africanus in other matters such as his frequent visits to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which Maximus saw as "fake religion. Twenty-two years later (219 B.C.) after the Achaeans Take Argos, The Mantineans Turn Over their City to the Lacedaemonians, Fabius Pictor on the Cause of the Punic War, Hannibal Succeeds to Command in Scipio Nasica Serapio, although Pontifex Maximus was sent to Asia Minor by the Senate to escape the wrath of the Gracchi supporters, and died mysteriously there in Pergamum, and is believed to have been poisoned by an agent of the Gracchi. It is initially unclear from this … Charging the rear of Hannibal's army, they caused what many historians have called the "Roman Cannae". Current location in this text. 213, Bolis the Cretan Agrees to Rescue Achaeus, Fall of In honour of … 1st cent. Euphrates At some point, he is said to have promised his father to continue the struggle against Carthage all his life, showing similar dedication to that of his enemy, Hannibal. Sicily, History of Universal Supremacy Must Be a Universal History, Philip Takes Lissus in to Ptolemy, Philopoemen in the Bithynia, The War between Scipio smiled and asked, 'What would you say if you had vanquished me?' He refused the many further honours which the people would have thrust upon him such as Consul for life and Dictator. Archaeology has not yet determined the resting place of Scipio Africanus. On his return to Hispania, Scipio had to quell a mutiny at Sucro which had broken out among his troops. They ultimately dethroned Syphax, and ensured Prince Masinissa's coronation as King of the Numidians. Scipio pressed the Senate for permission to cross into Africa. However, according to Polybius (10.6.10) and Vir. In 187 BC, he was tried in a show trial alongside his brother for bribes they supposedly received from King Antiochos III during the Roman–Seleucid War. Spain Acts of Hostility Against Macedonia, The Aetolians and Illyrians Invade Achaia, Why the Ancient Arcadians Turned to Music, Differences of Opinion Among the Lacedaemonians, the King Decides Not to Punish Livy continues, "On Scipio's again asking him whom he regarded as the third, Hannibal, without any hesitation, replied, 'Myself.' The Roman infantry had driven off the two front lines of the Carthaginian army, and in the respite took an opportunity to drink water. Cato, as a loyalist of Fabius Maximus, had been sent out as quaestor to Scipio in Sicily circa 204 BC to investigate charges of military indiscipline, corruption, and other offence against Scipio; none of those charges was found true by the tribunes of the plebs accompanying Cato (it may or may not be significant that years later, as censor, Cato degraded Scipio's brother Scipio Asiaticus from the Senate. In addition to supplying the Numidian cavalry (on which see the Battle of Cannae), Numidia operated as a buffer for vulnerable Carthage. This son-in-law was a distinguished Roman in his own right. One popular theory for Scipio's failure to pursue Hasdrubal is that Scipio merely wanted the glory of securing Hispania, and an extended mountain campaign would have endangered that. Danube This domination came to an end in the tumults between the Gracchi brothers, who were his grandsons, and their other relatives in the period from 133 to 122 BC. Echinus Scipio landed at the mouth of the Ebro and was able to surprise and capture Carthago Nova (New Carthage), the headquarters of the Carthaginian power in Hispania. Valerius Maximus gives her name as Tertia Aemilia, "the wife of Scipio Africanus and the mother of Cornelia." However, it is not certain that he was actually buried at Liternum, and no contemporary accounts of his death or funeral exist. Polybius. [citation needed]. Scipio is also the starting Commander for the Roman civilization in the mobile game Rise of Kingdoms. Définitions de p scipio africanus, synonymes, antonymes, dérivés de p scipio africanus, dictionnaire analogique de p scipio africanus (anglais) Download Pleiades ancient places geospacial dataset for this text. His Graecophile lifestyle, and his unconventional way of wearing the Roman toga, raised much opposition among some Senators of Rome, led by Cato the Elder who felt that Greek influence was destroying Roman culture. This may have been because Hannibal, in the service of Antiochus III of Syria, might have come to Carthage to gather support for a new attack on Italy. When the Carthaginian elephants charged, they found well laid traps before the Roman position and were greeted by Roman trumpeters, which drove many back out of confusion and fear. Scipio was welcomed back to Rome in triumph with the agnomen of Africanus. 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