In the 18th century, fans reached a high degree of artistry and were being made throughout Europe often by specialized craftsmen, either in leaves or sticks. A handheld fan, or simply hand fan, may be any broad, flat surface that is waved back-and-forth to create an airflow. The slats, of ivory, bone, mica, mother of pearl, sandalwood, or tortoise shell, were carved and covered with paper or fabric. They were mostly used to shield a lady's face against the glare of the sun or the fire. So let me take you on a brief flutter through the varied history and geographical journey of hand fans, proof they make a perfect theme for a worldly souvenir collection. As mass production was simplified through industrialisation, and printing technology developed, fans became vehicles for commercial merchandising. The folded fan that forms the “D” in the Duende logo was chosen for this very reason. Simple Japanese paper fans are sometimes known as harisen. The mai ogi (or Japanese dancing fan) has ten sticks and a thick paper mount showing the family crest, and Japanese painters made a large variety of designs and patterns. Checcoli, Anna. " During the 19th century names like the Birmingham-based firm of Jennens and Bettridge produced many papier-mâché fans. By the mid-1500s, Europe had begun to make its own fans and Paris soon became the center of fan production. Accept Read More. Brooklyn Museum. Lithographed, hand-colored fans imitated hand-drawn versions of earlier eras. These are usually battery operated, but can be hand cranked as well. From the beginning of the 18th Century, wealthy brides and widows were equipped with delicate marriage and dour mourning fans. Those folding fans of the 15th century found in museums today have either leather leaves with cut out designs forming a lace-like design or a more rigid leaf with inlays of more exotic materials like mica. In ancient China, fans came in various shapes and forms (such as in a leaf, oval or a half-moon shape), and were made in different materials such as silk, bamboo, feathers, etc.[4]. The trend trickled its way down to the masses, as fans became easier and cheaper to produce. Fans made entirely of decorated sticks without a fan 'leaf' were known as brisé fans. The American hand-screen type can still be bought for less than $5. However, despite the relative crude methods of construction folding fans were at this era high status, exotic items on par with elaborate gloves as gifts to royalty. Around the middle 18th century, inventors started designing mechanical fans. Through the 1800’s and 1900’s, fan decoration followed the artistic movements of impressionism, art nouveau and art deco. For centuries, large, long-handled fans were ceremonial symbols of power, the privilege of pharaohs, priests and kings. Simpler fans were developed in China, Greece, and Egypt. They were made by tying thin stripes of hinoki (or Japanese cypress) together with thread. Whether it is an ancient Egyptian king languishing in the breeze generated by an ostrich feathered wave; a coy Geisha peeking from behind her folding wing, or a fiery flamenco dancer passionately gesturing with her lace creation, there are so many gorgeous versions of this artistic accessory. [2] These fan languages were a way to cope with the restricting social etiquette. The leaf is supported on a series of sticks that are joined at one end by a rivet. In Japan, fans were variously used by warriors as a form of weapon, by actors and dancers for performances, and by children as a toy. [15] The fan is primarily used for fanning oneself in hot weather. Many fans made in the 1950s and 1960s have plastic sticks with printed leaves that have been hand-colored, and some people try to sell these as antiques. As fashion catapulted into the modern age, however, the fan suddenly seemed out of place. Even today, geisha (but maiko more commonly) use folding fans in their fan dances as well. J.B. Pritzker gives a coronavirus update, After Twitter outcry, 5 women detail Chris D’Elia’s alleged sexual improprieties. They were mainly used to protect a woman's face against the glare and heat of the fire, to avoid getting "coup rose", or ruddy cheeks from the heat.

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