Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). 2014;33(2):130-154. doi: 10.1007/s12144-013-9202-5. Finally, we examine some recent advances in psychological research on self-construal. Part of Springer Nature. We then focus on how people’s self-construal influences how they think about others, themselves, and the social context. NIH For example, a woman may be judged “aggressive” or “cold” if she acts independently. For example, Markus and Conner found that independently-oriented MBA students with class privilege were offended when a friend purchased the exact same car they had just bought. Self-construal affects the cognitive processing style people adopt, especially the degree to which they are context sensitive. He is called the leader. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The authors used a 1-week, prospective goal-setting paradigm. Registered in England & Wales No. Models of the self: self-construals and gender. In addition, individuals primed with independent self-construal experience more pride when thinking about their own achievements, whereas those primed with interdependent self-construal experience more pride when thinking about the achievements of others (Neumann et al. These questionnaires have been widely used to study individual differences in self-construal and to investigate how people’s dominant self-construal influences their judgements and behavior. Interdependent self-construal was associated with increased motor resonance when observing another’s actions, which is related to behavioral mimicry, or the tendency to copy others’ behaviors (Hogeveen and Obhi 2011). They are likely to define their self-concept in terms of their close relationships, social roles, and group memberships. 2008 Oct;76(5):1201-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00519.x. When men operate with their interdependent selves, they can help “break glass ceilings,” says Markus. There’s a 12-step group called Codependents Anonymous & everything on the right side of the table is in their literature. Han, S., & Humphreys, G. (2016). If you are hoping to become more independent, Markus and Conner recommend you remember that stating your opinion doesn’t mean you are selfish, or that you try assuming you have as much authority as others. 1999). Understanding Independent and Interdependent Identities Serena Chen, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Professor and Vice Chair Marian E. and Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. This chapter will discuss the ways in which interdependent and independent self-construal differ from one another. 2002). ( Log Out /  (1999). Instead, they found that owning the same car was an act of solidarity, or thought they could start a car club together. In addition, researchers have argued that individuals possess both independent and interdependent self-construals but that the cultural context fosters the development of one’s dominant self-construal (e.g., Markus and Kitayama 1991; Triandis 1989; Singelis 1994). Levine, T. R., Bresnahan, M. J., Park, H. S., Lapinski, M. K., Wittenbaum, G. M., Shearman, S. M., … Ohashi, R. (2003). The general thoughts of Dannon Loveland about education and learning…, Adjust to the attendant relationship or group to which they belong”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_human_needs. How self-construal shapes emotion: Cultural differences in the feeling of pride. According to Markus and Conner, being aware of the significance of independence and interdependence and how it shapes our lives may lessen skirmishes between the two categories of people.

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