Other ships sometimes referred to as the "first ironclad" include the Dutch Finis Bellis (1585, meaning: End of War) and the Santa Anna (1522) of the Knights Hospitaller. USS Merrimack, also improperly Merrimac, was a steam frigate, best known as the hull upon which the ironclad warship CSS Virginia was constructed during the American Civil War.The CSS Virginia then took part in the Battle of Hampton Roads (also known as "the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack") in the first engagement between ironclad warships. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, the Union and Confederate navies rushed to build ironclad ships to counter each other. The Confederacy made a number of ironclads by armoring wooden ships. After Union spies revealed the fact that the Confederacy was working on the CSS Virginia in Norfolk, the Union Navy flew into action. The second steamer retired after her first shot rebounded off the Albemarle's armour and killed the Union commander. Her first action was in April 1864. Monitors were usually armed with two heavy caliber cannon (up to 280 mm) placed on a revolving armored turret and had a very low but carefully assigned freeboard. The Confederacy also built a number of ironclads from the keel up. Previous warships had been built out of wood. It had a water displacement of 10,100 tons and was considered the most powerful and sea-worthy ironclad of its time. Both nations had at least 16 ironclads either in service or under construction by 1862. The Manassas was converted from the old ice-breaking steamer Enoch Train, and  was the first ironclad to engage an enemy in battle on October 12, 1861. Ironclads were the biggest and strongest ships of the navy at that time and were used in naval battles with enemy armored ships and in operations against coastal fortresses. (Historical Terms) a large wooden 19th-century warship with armoured plating, When I had snaked five men out, things began to look serious to the, There around us lay treasures enough to pay off a moderate national debt, or to build a fleet of, The airship and the flying-machine were very different things from, Now it was rumoured the British had an overwhelming gun, now the French an invincible rifle, now the Japanese a new explosive, now the Americans a submarine that would drive every, I began to compare the things to human ma- chines, to ask myself for the first time in my life how an, Then, too, a number of cars were apt to arrive late in the day, now that the roads were blocked with snow, and the packers would buy their cattle that night, to get them cheaper, and then would come into play their, Everything went perfectly well to the last moment when suddenly the Numancia (a Republican, 1866: An outnumbered Austrian fleet outmanoeuvred and defeated an Italian fleet at the Battle of Lissa in the Adriatic, sinking two ships in the first battle between groups of, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Joseph Brown and His Civil War Ironclads: The USS Chillicothe, Indianola and Tuscumbia, Clad in iron; the American Civil War and the challenge of British naval power, IronCAD Application Programming Interface. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. In 1592, the Korean Royal Navy launched what some believe to be the first ironclad warship. Monitor, ironclad warship originally designed for use in shallow harbours and rivers to blockade the Confederate states in the American Civil War (1861–65). A 19th-century warship having sides armored with metal plates. One of the mightiest squadron ironclads was the Andrei Pervozvannyi (laid down in 1905, launched in 1906; water displacement, 17,400 tons: speed, 18 knots; four 305-mm guns of the main caliber; side armor, 70-216 mm). At the outbreak of the war, the US Navy did not have any ironclad warships, but most of the US Navy remained loyal to the Union. Despite having 11 wooden ships, the Union needed its Monitor class ironclads to take a large confederate ironclad, the CSS Tennessee. Built by the engineer John Ericsson for the U.S. Navy, the original vessel of this type was named Monitor. Also, it is not clear if the lead was intended as armor or if it was simply a means of ensuring water-tightness. Remarkably engineered, it contained a major type of warship in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th, with an artillery turret of heavy caliber and strong armor protection. ", About Me - Contact Me - Privacy Policy - Disclaimer, Copyright ©2012-2016 AmericanCivilWarStory.com, The exploits of ironclad warships, on both sides, proved without a doubt that the age of the wooden ship-of-war was over. She rammed and sank the first one. https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ironclads, a large wooden 19th-century warship with armoured plating, But no comparison of their relative values can be instituted, inasmuch as the most formidable wooden frigate would be powerless in a contest with such a ship; and the employment of, Mallory proved persuasive, and the Confederate government authorized two million dollars for purchasing, Furthermore, Bulloch reserved the right to make changes in the structure "as experience during the progress of the work may suggest." The ironclad ram "Albemarle," built at Edwards' Ferry on the Roanoke river, had done considerable damage to the Federal vessels which, since Burnside's expedition to Newberne, had cruised in Albemarle Sound, and in 1864 a force of double-enders and gunboats, under Captain Melancton Smith, U.S.N., was given the special task of destroying the rebel ram.

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