In order to escape from the pressure at Court, Marie-Antoinette spent most of her time in the private areas of the Palace: the Petit Trianon, a gift from Louis XVI, and especially the Hameau (the hamlet), a miniature farm village that she had entirely designed under the direction of Hubert Robert (picture 11). Despite his dislike of the queen—he detested her as much as she detested him and at one time had even threatened to send her to a convent—he was persuaded by the mayor of Paris, Jean Sylvain Bailly, to work and collaborate with her, and allowed her to see Fersen a number of times. This resulted in the queen being viewed as an enemy, although she was personally against Austrian claims to French territories on European soil. Destination Drinks #20: Mezcal Old Fashioned. Dumouriez resigned and refused a post in any new government. Elle abrite deux importantes collections comprenant un ensemble de moulages en provenance de la Gyspothèque du Musée du Louvre et une soixantaine de statues en marbre originales qui proviennent directement des Jardins. The first meeting took place on 22 February 1787, nine days after the death of Vergennes on 13 February. Their enmity continuing, Marie Antoinette played a decisive role in defeating him in his aims to become the mayor of Paris in November 1791. 120, rue des Rosiers 93400 Saint Ouen Opening Hours : Friday to Monday from 10am to 6pm and every day by appointments. Former collection of Marie-Antoinette. Her spending was scrutinised and often exaggerated, and she was accused of emptying the royal coffers even further. Palacefrom 9:00 am to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, Estate of Trianonfrom 12:00 pm to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, Coach Galleryfrom 12:30 pm to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, + 33 1 30 83 78 00price of a call to France, Musical Fountains Shows and Musical Gardens, Research centre of the Palace of Versailles. Thirty portraits of Marie-Antoinette by the famous artist Mme Vigé-Lebrun, a good friend of hers, still exist today (pictures 1 & 2). [220] Her life has been the subject of many films, such as the 2006 film Marie Antoinette. She was imprisoned in the Temple on 10 August 1792, then moved to the Conciergerie shortly after the execution of the King in 1793. À la veille du bicentenaire de la mort de Napoléon Bonaparte (le 5 mai 2021), le château de Versailles présente un ensemble de portraits de la famille impériale issus de ses collections, à partir du mois de juillet 2020 dans les appartements de Madame de Maintenon. She counted most on the support of her Austrian family. - Mon - Sun. Brought safely back to Paris, they were met with total silence by the crowd. [50] Nevertheless, following Joseph's intervention, the marriage was finally consummated in August 1777. On the first floor are the reception rooms and the queen’s apartment. This last accusation drew an emotional response from Marie Antoinette, who refused to respond to this charge, instead of appealing to all mothers present in the room; their reaction comforted her since these women were not otherwise sympathetic to her. The Queen was always an affectionate mother and was close to her children. Some of them met with the disapproval of the older generation, such as the abandonment of heavy make-up and the popular wide-hooped panniers. On 11 July at Marie Antoinette's urging Necker was dismissed and replaced by Breteuil, the queen's choice to crush the Revolution with mercenary Swiss troops under the command of one of her favorites, Pierre Victor, baron de Besenval de Brünstatt. Nothing now can hurt me. Picture 15 : Marie Antoinette side chair, by Jacques Gondoin, 1780-1781. [citation needed] The result of these two nominations was that Marie Antoinette's influence became paramount in government, and the new ministers rejected any major change to the structure of the old regime. There is no evidence to support the accusations. Louis XVI allowed Marie Antoinette to renovate it to suit her own tastes; soon rumors circulated that she had plastered the walls with gold and diamonds. Died in childhood on the very day the Estates General convened. It was publicly suggested that her supposed behavior was learned at the court of the rival nation, particularly lesbianism, which was known as the "German vice". [131][132] Louis XVI put Marie-Antoinette in charge of amusing the court, which kept her away from politics. [199] At worst, she and her lawyers had expected life imprisonment. 1846 — Horace Vernet. Died in childhood; no issue. From the time of her marriage to the Dauphin Louis, heir to the throne, she found it difficult to adapt to French customs and when she became Queen, she committed more and more blunders, often unwittingly, which gradually alienated public opinion, helping to tarnish her image in a most disastrous way. - Contact. [168][169], Marie Antoinette continued to hope that the military coalition of European kingdoms would succeed in crushing the Revolution. The following year, William Hamilton (1751-1801) depicted her as a martyr, going from the jail to the guillotine (picture 14). [141] She also played an important political, albeit not public, role between 1789 and 1791 when she had a complex set of relationships with several key actors of the early period of the French Revolution. It was offered by Louis XVI to Marie-Antoinette. The king was greeted at the event with loud cheers of "Long live the king! [182][183], On 21 September 1792, the fall of the monarchy was officially declared and the National Convention became the governing body of the French Republic. At 14 years old, she was sent to France to be married to Louis, the Dauphin who would become Louis XVI (1754-1793), with whom she would later have four children. She could also sing. Picture 4 : The Queen’s bedroom, as it was during the last summer of Marie-Antoinette at the Palace of Versailles. His title was bestowed by his royalist supporters and acknowledged implicitly by his uncle's later adoption of the regnal name Louis XVIII rather than Louis XVII, upon the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. The new Duc d'Orléans publicly protested the king's actions, and was subsequently exiled to his estate at Villers-Cotterêts. While Barnave's faction had dropped to 120 members, the new Girondin majority controlled the legislative assembly with 330 members. Marie Antoinette enjoyed entertainment and was influential in choosing shows to be put on at Court. [77] The entire Polignac family benefited greatly from royal favor in titles and positions, but its sudden wealth and lavish lifestyle outraged most aristocratic families, who resented the Polignacs' dominance at court, and also fueled the increasing popular disapproval of Marie Antoinette, mostly in Paris. [20], Madame du Barry proved a troublesome foe to the new dauphine. For Marie-Antoinette who loved nature this place was a leisure and intimacy haven far from the court heavy etiquette. [89][90] She sponsored the arts, in particular music, and also supported some scientific endeavours, encouraging and witnessing the first launch of a Montgolfière, a hot air balloon. Mirabeau sincerely wanted to reconcile the queen with the people, and she was happy to see him restoring much of the king's powers, such as his authority over foreign policy, and the right to declare war. Marie Antoinette (/ˌæntwəˈnɛt, ˌɒ̃t-/,[1] French: [maʁi ɑ̃twanɛt] (listen); born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last queen of France before the French Revolution. The queen spent a lot of time on her looks. [222] Armand and Zoe had a position which was more similar to that of Ernestine; Armand lived at court with the king and queen until he left them at the outbreak of the revolution because of his republican sympathies, and Zoe was chosen to be the playmate of the Dauphin, just as Ernestine had once been selected as the playmate of Marie-Therese, and sent away to her sisters in a convent boarding school before the Flight to Varennes in 1791. Marie Antoinette brought in trees, shrubs and flowers from North America for her garden, hoping it would be a sanctuary for herself and her relatives, but the garden became overgrown and uncared for after her death. Marie-Antoinette, le destin d'une Reine : un spectacle de feu et de lumière raconté par Stéphane Bern ! He also wanted to be a minister and was not immune to corruption. A further ceremonial wedding took place on 16 May 1770 in the Palace of Versailles and, after the festivities, the day ended with the ritual bedding. Preparations began for the trial of the king in a court of law. Furthermore, her execution was seen as a sign that the revolution had done its work. [94][95], On 27 March 1785, Marie Antoinette gave birth to a second son, Louis Charles, who bore the title of duc de Normandie. She was convicted of high treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution in October 1793, aged 37. She still hoped her son Louis-Charles, whom the exiled Comte de Provence, Louis XVI's brother, had recognized as Louis XVI's successor, would one day rule France. It did not pass any reforms and, instead, fell into a pattern of defying the king. We organize the delivery worldwide. - Site map She wanted to be able to own her own property. The royal family name was downgraded to the non-royal "Capets". [24] Two days after the death of Louis XV in 1774, Louis XVI exiled du Barry to the Abbaye de Pont-aux-Dames in Meaux, pleasing both his wife and aunts. Du 21 septembre au 23 novembre 2020, le château de Versailles organise un concours photo sur Instagram sur le thème de l'automne. [123], The death of the Dauphin on 4 June, which deeply affected his parents, was virtually ignored by the French people,[124] who were instead preparing for the next meeting of the Estates-General and hoping for a resolution to the bread crisis. A constitutional priest was assigned to her to hear her final confession. [78] De Mercy wrote to the Empress: "It is almost unexampled that in so short a time, the royal favor should have brought such overwhelming advantages to a family".[79]. Marie Antoinette feared that the death of her mother would jeopardize the Franco-Austrian alliance (as well as, ultimately, herself), but her brother, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, wrote to her that he had no intention of breaking the alliance. Marie Antoinette's mother and the Austrian ambassador to France, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, who sent the Empress secret reports on Marie Antoinette's behavior, pressured Marie Antoinette to speak to Madame du Barry, which she grudgingly agreed to do on New Year's Day 1772. [73] During the Kettle War, in which her brother Joseph attempted to open the Scheldt River for naval passage, Marie Antoinette succeeded in obliging Vergennes to pay huge financial compensation to Austria. Marie Antoinette became Queen when she was not yet twenty years old. She may have simply been too young to be queen, unwilling to accept the pressure from the court and to practice proper etiquette. Finally, on 8 August, Louis XVI announced his intention to bring back the Estates General, the traditional elected legislature of the country, which had not been convened since 1614.[119]. Marie Antoinette's second pregnancy ended in a miscarriage early in July 1779, as confirmed by letters between the queen and her mother, although some historians believed that she may have experienced bleeding related to an irregular menstrual cycle, which she mistook for a lost pregnancy. [8][4][5][9] Despite the private tutoring she received, the results of her schooling were less than satisfactory. Daughter of the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (1717-1780) and of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708-1765), archduchess Marie-Antoinette was born in 1755 in one of the oldest and most powerful countries of Europe.

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