[49], In 1990 the US ranked 12th of the 14 developed countries that were analyzed and since that time the death rates of every country have steadily improved while the US rate has spiked dramatically. But probably no one will remember that antiquated usage if you say “wimmin” now, in gender-non-specific reference to your feminist coven. Womanhood is the period in a human female's life after she has passed through childhood, puberty, and adolescence. Many cultures have rites of passage to symbolize a girl's coming of age, such as confirmation in some branches of Christianity,[14] bat mitzvah in Judaism, or a custom of a special celebration for a certain birthday (generally between 12 and 21), like the quinceañera of Latin America. Former Senators. [citation needed]. READ MORE: How big is the transgender population, really? London and New York: Routledge, 1993: 1051–1052. 93). It also states that "violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women". [54] Traditionally, middle class women were involved in domestic tasks emphasizing child care. [citation needed], As changes in the labor market for women came about, availability of employment changed from only "dirty", long hour factory jobs to "cleaner", more respectable office jobs where more education was demanded. It's women's clothes, children's books, etc. That said, it’s also possible that no one will know what you’re talking about regardless. There are some diseases that primarily affect women, such as lupus. There have also been many forms of violence against women which have been prevalent historically, notably the burning of witches, the sacrifice of widows (such as sati) and foot binding. According to the Boston Globe, the word “womyn” traces back to a 1975 issue of Lesbian Connection magazine that announced the Wolf Creek Womyn’s Festival, or today’s WoLF Fest, the radical feminist festival. But let’s really get into it. women definition: 1. plural of woman 2. plural of woman 3. pl of woman. ", "United Nations Statistics Division — Demographic and Social Statistics", "Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth", "Advancing the case for gender-based medicine — Horizon 2020 – European Commission", "gynaecology — definition of gynaecology in English | Oxford Dictionaries", "WHO | Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)", "Healthy Women, Healthy Babies: How health reform can improve the health of women and babies in America", "Severe Complications for Women During Childbirth Are Skyrocketing — and Could Often Be Prevented", "Resolution on Reproductive and Sexual Health | International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics", "A/RES/48/104. The main causes of maternal mortality include pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, unsafe abortion, pregnancy complications from malaria and HIV/AIDS, and severe bleeding and infections following childbirth. In mature women the breast is generally more prominent than in most other mammals; this prominence, not necessary for milk production, is thought to be at least partially the result of sexual selection.[30]. The former. In many parts of the world, there has been a change in family structure over the past few decades. By the 16th century, the unsupported word had begun to mean specifically a female: 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. The CIA World Factbook presents an estimate from 2010 which shows that 80% of women are literate, compared to 88.6% of men (aged 15 and over). Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine. Different societies have different ideas about modesty. Throughout human history, traditional gender roles have often defined and limited women's activities and opportunities; many religious doctrines stipulate certain rules for women. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the top-ranked Vienna Philharmonic orchestra. In 1989, Harvard University tenured its first woman in chemistry, Cynthia Friend, and in 1992 its first woman in physics, Melissa Franklin. [35], Although fewer females than males are born (the ratio is around 1:1.05), newborn girls are more likely to reach their first birthday than are boys and women typically have a longer life expectancy of six to eight years, although in some areas gender-based discrimination against women has lowered female life expectancy to lower or equal to that of males. Wimmin! [97], World literacy is lower for females than for males. Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when the child has developed an adult body. The total fertility rate (TFR) – the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime — differs significantly between different regions of the world. Even so, the inequalities at home hampered women's opportunities: professional women were still generally considered responsible for domestic labor and child care, which limited the time and energy they could devote to their careers. Female anatomy, as distinguished from male anatomy, includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, vulva, breasts, Skene's glands, and Bartholin's glands. In Saudi Arabia, witchcraft remains a crime punishable by death, and in 2011 the country beheaded a woman for 'witchcraft and sorcery'. [69], Sexual violence against women greatly increases during times of war and armed conflict, during military occupation, or ethnic conflicts; most often in the form of war rape and sexual slavery. The breasts evolved from the sweat glands to produce milk, a nutritious secretion that is the most distinctive characteristic of mammals, along with live birth. For poorer women, especially working class women, although this often remained an ideal,[specify] economic necessity compelled them to seek employment outside the home. [59], Violence against women remains a widespread problem, fueled, especially outside the West, by patriarchal social values, lack of adequate laws, and lack of enforcement of existing laws. The “x” in womxn works the same way, and as such, opens up the free-human-woman concept to include trans women. Womyn is a term often tied to the vein of feminism that does not view trans women as women because they were not born with female genitalia. ('When the gay girls came into the garden, Fair flowers they found.') [105] Women are also underrepresented in orchestral conducting, music criticism/music journalism, music producing, and sound engineering. According to Schiebinger, "Being a scientist and a wife and a mother is a burden in society that expects women more often than men to put family ahead of career." At some earlier points in history, children's occupational aspirations starting at a young age differed according to gender. Women are particularly underrepresented in extreme metal genres. [60] A 2010 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center found that stoning as a punishment for adultery was supported by 82% of respondents in Egypt and Pakistan, 70% in Jordan, 56% Nigeria, and 42% in Indonesia.[61]. Some Western nations with greater inequity in pay are Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland. [109], The glyph (♀) for the planet and Roman goddess Venus, or Aphrodite in Greek, is the symbol used in biology for the female sex. Women's. A Woman Presides over the Senate. Why the “x” variation, then? It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads - either the ovaries or the testes. [48] Most European countries, Australia, Japan, and Singapore are very safe in regard to childbirth. The word girl originally meant "young person of either sex" in English;[12] it was only around the beginning of the 16th century that it came to mean specifically a female child. [94] Women are underrepresented in government in most countries. In about one in a thousand births, a female is born with three X chromosomes, a condition termed Triple X syndrome. Instead, the x allows space for individuals who identify as genderfluid, genderqueer, gender non-conforming, or non-binary. “To me, it represents the complexity of gender.” And when you confront the word “womxn,” you have to confront that complexity and what it means. Formerly a Fulbright fellow, she has published work with Vogue, Gizmodo, Refinery29, Teen Vogue, the BBC, Vice, Marie Claire, and more. First Woman Senator. Women's suffrage in the United States was achieved gradually, first at state and local levels, starting in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and in 1920 women in the US received universal suffrage, with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. “Didn’t I tell you? Female definition is - of, relating to, or being the sex that typically has the capacity to bear young or produce eggs. The plural women is sometimes used for female humans regardless of age, as in phrases such as "women's rights." In recent pop culture, Michfest seemed to serve as inspiration for the fictional Idyllwild Wimmin’s Festival featured on Amazon’s Transparent series, to which Ali brought Maura in unwitting violation of the event’s womyn-born-womyn policy. Editor’s note: This article is regularly updated for relevance. Until the early 20th century, U.S. women's colleges required their women faculty members to remain single, on the grounds that a woman could not carry on two full-time professions at once.

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