Ludność polska w Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku: (1920-1939) - Page 100Przy obsadzaniu stanowisk kierowniczych Polacy byli wyraźnie dyskryminowani. A customs union with Poland was created by the victorious allies of World War I. [6], In the area south of the current St. Nicholas church, settlement started some years later. /** One provision required Germany to cede West Prussia to the newly reconstructed state of Poland. Uczelniane WSP, 1981, Nikolaus Wachsmann, Hitler's Prisons: Legal Terror in Nazi Germany, p.202-203, Przekształcenia narodowościowe na Ziemiach Zachodnich i Północnych Polski w latach 1945-1959 In 1606 a distillery named Der Lachs (German for "the Salmon") was founded, which produced one of Danzig's most famous products, a liqueur named Danziger Goldwasser. // Replace PAGE_URL with your page's canonical URL variable The separation of the Danzig port, post office and customs office under the treaty was said to be justified by Poland's need for direct access to the Baltic Sea. [81] Initially the reconstruction of parts of the inner city (Główne Miasto, German: Rechtstadt) was controversial. [8], Starting in the mid-12th and throughout the 13th centuries, the settlement west of the stronghold greatly expanded northwards to comprise the wider area around present-day Rajska and Podbielanska streets in the Old Town. [57][60] The majority of them were later sent to various extermination camps. Free City of Danzig 1807–1814 Facebook or Yahoo. He presented the Tabula chorographica auff Preusse to Duke Albert of Prussia in 1541. It was a leading player in the Prussian Confederationdirected against the Teutonic Monastic State of Prussia. Danzig/Gdansk The order supported by western This was exemplified by the fact that the Danzig city council, including Arnold Hecht and Conrad Letzkau, was removed and its leaders beheaded in 1411. s.setAttribute('data-timestamp', +new Date()); a regular basis with Roman Empire and the visitors from Britain. [63] On Sep 7th NSDAP organised night parade on Adolf-Hitlerstrasse to celebrate success. The city districts were renamed, sometimes derived from medieval Polish records (Wrzeszcz, Siedlce), sometimes translations of the German terms (Nowy Szkoty - Neu Schottland, Nowy Port - Neufahrwasser). On 1 September 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, initiating World War II. [5] The first written record thought to refer to Gdańsk is the vita of Saint Adalbert: Written in 999, it describes how in 997 Saint Adalbert of Prague baptized the inhabitants of urbs Gyddannyzc, "which separated the great realm of the duke from the sea. This list demonstrates the violently shifting ethnicity of the city's inhabitants before and after the World Wars. Settlements existed in the area for several centuries BC. Also in 1938, the Polish Pomeranian Voivodship was expanded southward to comprise the Bydgoszcz region. Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899-1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p.398. A. Marszałek, 1992, Białe plamy-czarne plamy: sprawy trudne w polsko-rosyjskich stosunkach 1918-2008 page 538 He remained the most powerful politician throughout the war, until the area was overrun by the Soviet forces in March 1945. Previously allies against the Baltic tribe of the Old Prussians, Poland and the Teutonic Order engaged in a series of Polish-Teutonic Wars after the Knights' capture of Pomerelia. Between 1361 and 1416 the city's burghers rose in several armed revolts against the rule of the Teutonic Knights. In early 1941 just 600 Jews were still living in Danzig who were later deported to the ghetto in Warsaw or to Theresienstadt. [48] Other estimates give the number of Poles as 17% in the whole area of the Free City[49] In the elections to the Free City of Danzig's Parliament the results of Polish Parties declined from 6.08 percent of votes in 1919 to 3.15 in 1927 and 3.53 in 1935. [14] In areas where Jewish families or individuals remained, a "shameful situation" was proclaimed, and Nazi authorities expected the Selbstschutz to remedy it through "direct action". [20], Danzig-West Prussia was divided into three government regions (Regierungsbezirk), with the name-giving capital cities of Bromberg, Danzig and Marienwerder.[4]. In June 1945 124,000 Germans and 8,000 Poles lived in the city,[72] from 1945 to 1950 most Germans were expelled. All German names of streets, buildings, shipyards and districts, even names on tombstones, were changed to Polish names, such as Długi Targ for Langer Markt (Long Market), the city's main pedestrian center. In 1938, German Posen-West Prussia was dissolved and its former West Prussian territory was attached to the German Pomeranian Gau. After the Nazis came to power in Germany, they reformed the administrative system by transforming the former German provinces and states into their Gau system in 1935 as a part of their Gleichschaltung policy. This is the end of window.onload = function(){document.getElementById("printbtn").style.visibility = "visible"}; By that time the United Provinces and other long-distance overseas commercial powers had surpassed the Baltic trade centres such as Danzig. Loew, Peter Oliver: Danzig. Ossolińskich, 1978, This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 20:38. The oldest constructions there were dated by finds of pottery to either the second half of the 10th century or the turn of the 10th to the 11th century. On 2 September 1939 Germany officially annexed the Free City. By Polsko-Rosyjska Grupa do Spraw Trudnych, Donald Steyer, Eksterminacja ludności polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim w latach 1939-1945, Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1967, Konstanty Kalinowski: Die Schleifung, pp. var d = document, s = d.createElement('script'); Commander of the Selbstschutz Ludolf von Alvensleben told his men on 16 October 1939: You are now the master race here. Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1807 Out of the 2938 Jewish community in the city 1227 were able to escape from the Nazis before the outbreak of war[62][dubious – discuss]. The province's area was 26,056 km2, 21,237 km2 of which was annexed Danzig and Pomerelian territory. With the German defeat the planned genocide of the Polish population, who were deemed by the German authorities to be "subhuman," was averted and Poles returned to Gdańsk.

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