Schist is not a very strong rock, so it is not often used as a building material. Contact metamorphism is the name given to the changes that take place when magma is injected into the surrounding solid rock (country rock). . This results in a banded, or foliated rock, with the bands showing the colors of the minerals that formed them. They are not made from molten rock – rocks that do melt form igneous rocks instead. It is typically gray in color and splits along long flat planes. Here, quartzite is identified by the way it fractures across grain boundaries, while arenite breaks around them. Metamorphic rocks are used for roofing material, decorative gardening stone, the base for snooker tables, building material, sculpture material and paving material. When tectonic forces thrust sedimentary and metamorphic rocks into the hot mantle, they may melt and be ejected as magma, which cools to form igneous, or magmatic, rock. Much of the lower continental crust is metamorphic, except for recent igneous intrusions. This is very exceptional but instances of it are known and it may take place on a large scale.[4]. [3] Marble is generally not foliated, which allows its use as a material for sculpture and architecture. Because protolith compositions and the pressure-temperature conditions under which they may be placed vary widely, the diversity of metamorphic rock types is large. They may be formed simply by being deep beneath the Earth's surface, subjected to high temperatures and the great pressure of the rock layers above it. Marble is used for statues and decorative items like vases (Figure). Because most of Earth’s mantle is solid, metamorphic processes may also occur there. Marble is formed from limestone and contains tiny interlocking grains. Granites may absorb fragments of shale or pieces of basalt. Chert or flint may become a finely crystalline quartz rock; sandstones lose their clastic structure and are converted into a mosaic of small close-fitting grains of quartz[4] in a metamorphic rock called quartzite. When a rock is contact altered by an igneous intrusion it very frequently becomes more indurated, and more coarsely crystalline. The word metamorphism is taken from the Greek for “change of form”; metamorphic rocks are derived from igneous or sedimentary rocks that have altered their form (recrystallized) as a result of changes in their physical environment. Another important mechanism of metamorphism is that of chemical reactions that occur between minerals without them melting. Metasomatism will change the original composition. Metamorphic rocks are therefore distributed throughout the geologic column. For other uses, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Metamorphic textures – Middle East Technical University, Metamorphic Rocks Tour, an introduction to metamorphic rocks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metamorphic_rock&oldid=984245981, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2012, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 October 2020, at 01:45. Shales are occasionally thus altered by basalt dikes, and feldspathic sandstones may be completely vitrified. Regardless of which process occurs, the result is that a collection of minerals that are thermodynamically stable at the initial conditions are placed under a new set of conditions at which they may or may not be stable. Quartzite and marble are the most commonly used metamorphic rocks. Economic uses - Metamorphic rocks are very hard and can be used in the construction industry. The process of metamorphism may have destroyed the original features that could have revealed the rock's previous history. It is a hard crystalline rock and has … In that case, hybrid rocks called skarn arise, which don't have the characteristics of normal igneous or sedimentary rocks. A metamorphic even-granular grain to medium grained and may be uneven granular and coarse grained in calc-silicate rock. Teachers' Notes Types of Rock Igneous Rocks: Examples and Uses Sedimentary Rocks: Examples and Uses Metamorphic Rocks: Examples and Uses The Rock Cycle What is Geology? Crystalline - something that contains or is made from crystals, Metamorphic - something that involves a physical change, Explore different types of rock and how the rock cycle works. This page reveals some of the ways in which common metamorphic rocks are used. These reactions occur in the solid state but may be facilitated by the presence of a fluid phase lining the grain boundaries of the minerals. High temperatures allow the atoms and ions in solid crystals to migrate, thus reorganizing the crystals, while high pressures cause solution of the crystals within the rock at their point of contact. Schist and slate are sometimes used as building and landscape materials. Separate sections cover igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks individually. Classification into four chemical systems, Thermodynamics of metamorphic assemblages, Origin of metamorphic rocks: types of metamorphism, https://www.britannica.com/science/metamorphic-rock, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Metamorphic Rock, metamorphic rock - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), metamorphic rock - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Shale . Fact Check: What Power Does the President Really Have Over State Governors? Previous section. The resultant mineral assemblage will reflect the chemical composition of the original rock and the new pressure-temperature conditions to which the rock was subjected. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and form 12% of the Earth's land surface. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Recrystallization of the rock will destroy the textures and fossils present in sedimentary rocks. Followings are the uses of Rock Salt: Rock salt is a chemical sort of sedimentary rock that forms because of the evaporation of ocean or saline lake water. Any that were present in the original sedimentary rock will not normally survive the heat and pressure.

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