The knowledge of his consulship, is derived at the least from literature produced by Suidas. His family was from the Greek provincial aristocracy, and his full name, L. Flavius Arrianus, indicates that he was a Roman citizen, suggesting that the citizenship went back several generations, probably to the time of the Roman conquest some 170 years before. Alexander's achievements, there are some things which I have been compelled Book 3 begins with an account of Alexander in Egypt, including his visit to the oracle of Zeus-Ammon at Siwah (winter 332/331 BC), before turning to the battle of Gaugamela and defeat of Darius III (331 BC). p. 312, & SYME 1958, same page). at that time no race of men, no city, nor even a single individual to whom *  accused of hagiography/eulogy (idolised writer may be, I do not need to write my name here, for it is not unknown to Links: The Landmark edition includes extensive margin notes and maps on every other page. Explain what this passage shows about why Arrian wrote This page was last edited on 15 October 2020, at 06:41. [2] Both the unusual title "Anabasis" (literally "a journey up-country from the sea") and the work's seven-book structure reflect Arrian's emulation (in structure, style, and content) of the Greek historian Xenophon, whose own Anabasis in seven books concerning the earlier campaign "up-country" of Cyrus the Younger in 401 BC. [13][24][32][33], This work is the earliest extant work that is dated with any confidence. account, spending his labour on petty objects, which, however, he does not have branded as bad, both from a regard to my own veracity, and at the same Pliny the Younger addressed seven of his epistles to him. Book 7 recounts the events of Alexander's final year, including the Susa marriages, the Opis mutiny, the death of Hephaestion, and Alexander's own death (324-323 BC). Chinnock, published in 1884. Arrian was a Greek who served the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a governor and Lucian stated him to be:[17][26], a Roman of the first rank with a life-long attachment to learning, This quality is identified as paideia (παιδεία) which is the quality considered to be of one who is known as an educated and learned personage, i.e., one who is highly esteemed and important. H.H. has been shown to be very unreliable), *  he used wrong criteria to judge sources (e.g. In Search of the Divine Centre, Arrian's voyage round the Euxine Sea translated: and accompanied with a geographical dissertation, and maps, The bibliographer's manual of English literature, containing an account of rare, curious, and useful books, publ. Titled Anabasis, presumably in order to recall Xenophon’s work of that title, it describes Alexander’s on so many occasions and to such an overwhelming extent. Weaknesses of Arrian [4]. Book 2 is dominated by three large set-piece military operations: the campaign and battle of Issus (333 BC) and the sieges of Tyre and Gaza (332 BC). [6][7], The only complete English translation of Arrian available online is a rather antiquated translation by E.J. Nor does Arrian aim to provide a complete history of the Greek-speaking world during Alexander's reign. succeed in effecting, petty as they are. because Arrian then interpreted them incorrectly. This edition was revised and annotated by J.R. Hamilton in 1971. [16][92][7][93][14][94], Nicholas Blancard made translations of Arrian in 1663 and 1668. Aritobulus (a military engineer on some of Alexander's campaign -- his The writing mentioned that the Parthians trace their origins to Artaxerxes II. He died in the reign of Marcus Aurelius. He was the author of a work describing the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Gardiner., With an introduction by the editor, W. Blane, p.xvii, Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture: II. The works of Nathaniel Lardner, D.D. The Indica and the Anabasis are the only works completely intact. Phillips, A. When he retired, Arrian went to live in Athens, where he became archon sometime during 145 or 146 (EJ Chinnock shows, he retired to Nicomedia and was appointed priest to Demeter and Persephone while there). The work was known for a time as A History of the Alani (Alanike via Photius[55]). Arrian lived four centuries after Alexander, but he did have a number of contemporary sources on which he based his history - especially the accounts of Ptolemy (one of Alexander's generals who became ruler of Egypt) and Aritobulus (a military engineer on some of Alexander's campaign -- … kind of fortune he has experienced; and then consider who that man was whom ancient Greek culture and society, *  only as reliable as his sources (esp Ptolemy The Enchiridion is apparently a summary of the Discourses. the Anabasis. [96], Sources, transmission, translations and publications, Stadter's suggestion that his official name was, Peter Beckford (... perhaps, the writing is slightly illegible) or. The first part of Indica was based largely on the work of the same name of Megasthenes, the second part based on a journal written by Nearchus. becoming without any dispute king of both continents, and reaching every individual, either Greek or barbarian, has achieved such incredible success For this reason I myself undertook the task writers in the Greek language, since my subject, Alexander, was the finest nickname was 'the flatterer'). In respect of his birth date, sources provide similar dates for his birth; within a few years prior to 90, 89, and 85–90 AD. The work was also translated into French by M. Billecocq, under the auspices of the government (cf. of every kind. [25][51], A work translated a Nicodemian script (minor). No other single my contemporaries, nor is my country nor my family, nor the successes that successes. The historian AB Bosworth therefore declared Arrian unreliable -- firstly, Arrian of Nicomedia (/ˈæriən/; Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Latin: Lucius Flavius Arrianus;[2] c. 86/89 – c. after 146/160 AD)[3][4] was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period. becoming without any dispute king of both continents, and reaching every It is a writing addressed to the Emperor Hadrian. [21][38][39], The Enchiridion is a short compendium of all Epictetus' philosophical principles. he believed kings don't lie), *  might NOT have had military experience (no It is for that reason that I consider myself worthy of the finest at that time no race of men, no city, nor even a single individual to whom In your place by his fame; while he himself who reproaches him is of smaller Both wrote their accounts when Alexander was already dead, so there was no necessity or expectation of reward for them to write down anything except the truth. to censure; but I am not ashamed to admire Alexander himself. [95], The voyage of Nearchus and Periplus of the Erythrean Sea were translated from the Greek by the then Dean of Westminster, William Vincent, and published in 1809. [68][22][69][70][71][72][73], The work is based on an earlier exposition made by Xenophon, whom Arrian thought to be the authority on the subject of hunting. bad man, let him do so; but let him first not only bring before his mind all Book 4 describes the long Sogdian campaign of 329-327 BC against Bessus, Spitamenes, and Oxyartes, and the early stages of the campaigns in the Punjab (327-326 BC), with a notable departure from chronological sequence at 4.7-14, where Arrian collects many of the most notorious stories tending to Alexander's discredit in a single apologetic digression (the killing of Cleitus, the proskynesis affair, the pages' conspiracy and the death of Callisthenes). A fragment describing a plan of battle against the Alani was found in Milan around the 17th century which was thought at that time to belong to the History. Then, indeed, let him reflect who he is himself, and what It is primarily a military history, reflecting the content of Arrian's model, Xenophon's Anabasis; the work begins with Alexander's accession to the Macedonian throne in 336 BC, and has nothing to say about Alexander's early life (in contrast, say, to Plutarch's Life of Alexander). Whatever my abilities as a because his sources were unreliable (especially Ptolemy), and secondly The writing is about the successors of Alexander the Great, circa 323 – 321 or 319. There are eight extant works (cf. The sixth edition, corrected and improved, Xenophon and Arrian, On Hunting (Kynēgetikos), Studies in Ancient Society (Routledge Revivals) (p.193), Virtues for the People: Aspects of Plutarchan Ethics (p.277), Exploratio: Military & Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople, p.4, The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History, p.24, A Roman Army Reader: Twenty-One Selections from Literary, Epigraphic, and Other Documents (p.xliii), Soldiers & Ghosts: A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity, Methods and means of warfare – 29-10-2010 Overview, Studies in Ancient Society (Routledge Revivals)(p.193), Concordantia in Flavii Arriani Indicam historiam, The Cult of the Virgin Mary: Psychological Origins (p.101), El Greco Revisited: Candia, Venice, Toledo – Page 110, The General Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons in Every Nation: Particularly the British and Irish; from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time, Volumes 5-6, p.396-7, The British Critic: A New Review, Volume 34, Arrianus's voyage round the Euxine Sea: translated and accompanied with a geographical dissertation and maps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrian&oldid=983611231, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher. of writing this history not without the agency of god. kind of fortune he has experienced; and then consider who that man was whom The Discourses are also known as Diatribai and are apparently a verbatim recording of Epictetus' lectures. of Ptolemy (one of Alexander's generals who became ruler of Egypt) and [16][19], The Anabasis of Alexander comprises seven books. Book 6 describes the journey down the Indus to the Indian Ocean (326-325 BC), including the increasingly brutal violence inflicted on the local inhabitants by the Macedonians en route (notably at the Malli town), and the crossing of the Gedrosian Desert (325-324 BC). reliable sources, *  had personal military experience/ experience [5][6], Arrian was born in Nicomedia (present-day İzmit), the provincial capital of Bithynia. [34][35][36], Arrian was a pupil of Epictetus around 108 AD, and, according to his own account, he was moved to publish his notes of Epictetus' lectures, which are known as Discourses of Epictetus, by their unauthorized dissemination. He was appointed to the position consul suffectus around 130 AD, and then, in 132 AD (although Howatson shows 131), he was made prefect or legate (governor) of Cappadocia by Hadrian, a service he continued for six years.

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