How to Distinguish between Primary and Secondary Crime Scenes, How to Interpret a Correlation Coefficient r. Blood is the fluid that sustains life. Platelets (also called thrombocytes) are cell-like particles that are smaller than red or white blood cells. Plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Platelets are pieces of cells that work to form blood clots. Technically, blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart (or an equivalent structure) to all parts of the body, after which it is returned to the heart to repeat the process. In a circuit through the cardiovascular system, red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and transport carbon dioxide from the body tissues to the lungs. Plasma circulation also plays a role in regulating body temperature by carrying heat generated in core body tissues through areas that lose heat more readily, such as the arms, legs, and head. Eosinophils kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, and are involved in allergic responses. Blood, fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. When white blood cells reach the site of an infection or other problem, they release substances that attract more white blood cells. Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. These cells phagocytize bacteria, and in doing so keep your system from being overrun by every germ with which it comes into contact. When the number of white blood cells is too low (leukopenia), infections are more likely to occur. Hemocyanin is blue in colour when oxygenated and colourless when oxygen is removed. Larger and more-complex animals, which have greater oxygen needs, have pigments capable of transporting relatively large amounts of oxygen. This article focuses on the main components and functions of human blood. Lymphocytes consist of three main types: T cells (T lymphocytes) and natural killer cells, which both help protect against viral infections and can detect and destroy some cancer cells, and B cells (B lymphocytes), which develop into cells that produce antibodies. When the number of platelets is extremely high, the platelets can absorb clotting proteins and paradoxically cause bleeding. Lymphocytes scan the body looking for viruses. When blood is put into a test tube and spun in a centrifuge, the blood cells and platelets gravitate to the bottom of the tube, and the plasma is a clear layer on top. If a white blood cell count is too high, it indicates that the person has some type of infection. In many instances, feedback control systems are operative; thus, a declining level of blood sugar (glucose) leads to accelerated release of glucose into the blood so that a potentially hazardous depletion of glucose does not occur. Hemoglobin brightens in colour when saturated with oxygen (oxyhemoglobin) and darkens when oxygen is removed (deoxyhemoglobin). Fibrinogen: Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting. Hemoglobin brightens in colour when saturated with oxygen (oxyhemoglobin) and darkens when oxygen is removed (deoxyhemoglobin). White blood cells are responsible primarily for defending the body against infection. It appears as a straw-colored fluid and … The red cells of the lower vertebrates (e.g., birds) have a nucleus, whereas mammalian red cells lack a nucleus. Blood is a life-saving fluid that, in higher evolved animals like humans, moves throughout the circulatory system. Hemoglobin not only binds oxygen and transports it to capillaries, but it also helps to transport carbon dioxide from the capillaries back to the lungs to be exhaled. Plasma also prevents blood vessels from collapsing and clogging and helps maintain blood pressure and circulation throughout the body simply by filling blood vessels and flowing through them continuously. Basophils also participate in allergic responses. The osmotic effect of serum albumin retains fluid within the circulation, opposing the hydrostatic forces that tend to drive the fluid outward into the tissues. There are two types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. The rest of the material in the old red blood cells is degraded and transported to the digestive system, where much of it ends up in fecal matter. Hemoglobin exists in the red blood cells. Some blood cells carry oxygen (necessary for metabolic reactions), some blood cells fight off invading substances that could destroy your cells, and other blood cells help to form clots, which keep your body from losing too much blood. , MD, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The white blood cells function like an army, dispersed throughout the body but ready at a moment's notice to gather and fight off an invading organism. Capillary membranes are impermeable to serum albumin, the smallest in weight and highest in concentration of the plasma proteins. By transporting oxygen and hemoglobin, blood is an extremely important part of homeostasis — a conglomerate of processes that allows your body to adjust to changes in external temperatures and hormone levels.

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